![]() ![]() The clade comprising the sister families Brentidae (straight-snouted weevils) and Curculionidae was maximally supported and the composition of both families was firmly established. Notably, the backbone relationships of the weevil phylogeny were consistently strongly supported, and the former Nemonychidae (pine flower snout beetles) were polyphyletic, with the subfamily Cimberidinae (here elevated to Cimberididae) placed as sister group of all other weevils. Most of our phylogenomic results had strong statistical support, and the inferred relationships were generally congruent with those reported in previous studies, but with some interesting exceptions. We used phylogenomic methods to obtain DNA sequences from 522 protein-coding genes for representatives of all families of weevils and all subfamilies of Curculionidae. Results showed that elemental stoichiometry and compositions of both acorns and weevil larvae differed significantly between P-deficient and P-rich sites (p  50,000 species), remain uncertain. To understand how different trophic organisms in a parasite food chain adapt to the differences in soil nutrient conditions, we investigated stoichiometric variation and homeostasis of multiple elements in two acorn trees, Quercus variabilis and Quercus acutissima, and their parasite weevil larvae (Curculio davidi Fairmaire) at phosphorus (P)-deficient and P-rich sites in subtropical China where P-rich ores are scattered among dominant P-deficient soils. The mean (±SE) production of acorns among 43 selected trees was 5,930 ± 586 acorns per tree with a maximum production level of 16,969 acorns for one tree.Įlemental stoichiometry and compositions of weevil larvae and two acorn hosts under natural phosphorus variation In 2000, we determined levels of damage by acorn weevils (Curculio spp.) and patterns of acorn fall in a northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) seedling orchard in eastern Tennessee. (To learn more about lazy stippling and how to use it, read How to Use Stippling for Watercolor Texture.Acorn fall and weeviling in a northern red oak seedling orchard Here is a short video demonstrating lazy stippling. Add in different colors as you go, and watch how they blend together. So, to make it lazy, drag your brush on the page instead of picking it up between dots. Stippling is a technique that uses lots of dots to create a picture. For the base, I use a wet on wet watercolor technique with some color blending. On the cap, I use a technique I like to call lazy stippling. ![]() You can see my color palette above in the inked acorn drawing.įor this acorn, I’ll show you two different watercolor techniques. When it’s completely dry, choose your colors. Sumi ink falls into this category (one of my favorite inks). Some calligraphy inks take a few hours to dry enough to add watercolor. You can use as much or little artistic license as you please. ![]() I didn’t want much detail, just a few accents. What stands out about them? Which colors can you see? If you don’t have access to an oak tree, you can find many pictures to reference online. Go take a walk, stop under an oak tree, and gather a few different acorns. Artboard or clipboard (mine is tiger striped)īefore I start drawing, I always gather inspiration or reference material.Calligraphy pen, nib, and ink (or micron pen).Acorns aren’t as colorful as leaves, but where I live, finding the biggest acorn is almost as important as finding the prettiest leaf. So, while we still have it, let’s create another fall drawing. I must say, though, I am particularly fond of fall. Winter has its cozy sweaters, warm fires, and promise of spring. It tastes like apple pie and pumpkin lattes. Fall has its colors and smells like honey. We say goodbye to the color and warmth and hello to the cold, bland, endless months.īoth seasons have their good points. And although I’m almost ready to hibernate by then, it still means the long, dark winter looms. The growing season, the warm season slowly ends. Today is a good day for an acorn drawing … with a smattering of watercolor, of course!įall is a bittersweet time of year. ![]()
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